Guidance arises from Robert Hoberman (personal telecommunications). That it is apparently broadly member of your own Jewish dialects out of a great many other urban centers of region also, as well as Aqra and Rawanduz.

However, within dialect there is certainly an incredibly unusual changes from h so you can h throughout the third people only 1 possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): The language of your own Jews of Iranian Azerbaijan, plus teams in Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you will Yuksekova. Information is regarding Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): The text of your Jews away from Halabja on the Iran-Iraq edging. This is very nearby the Jewish languages of the other towns and cities of your own area, including Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you may Panjwin. Pointers originates from my cards.

We’re going to examine this type of languages for twenty-four phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you can lexical requirements. After the Hetzron (1976, 98), you will find chose merely innovations once the conditions having class. You will find chosen a beneficial disproportionate number of morphological standards, and in addition we will give them special pounds, once more adopting the Hetzron, but other mutual innovations will be regarded as really.

Note also the much harder preservation and even installation away from for the Koy Sanjaq advertised by the Hoberman (1985)

Even as we contrast the dialects from NENA we will make an effort to determine this new the amount to which the fresh new languages show a definite pattern and this is different from Turoyo and you will Mandaic. At the same time, we’ll select packages out of isoglosses inside NENA.

(1) Fret tends to be penultimate in most this new NA dialects, along with Turoyo and you can Mandaic however on the around three easternmost Jewish languages, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and Halabja, which usually be concerned the final syllable. These types of dialects seem, similar to this, such as many others (Garbell 1965), to demonstrate an abnormally good influence away from Kurdish.

(2) Every NENA languages has matched h and x. Within the Hertevin as a result, h, and you will every-where else it’s x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a beneficial ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

Each other Turoyo and you may Mandaic preserve separate h and you will x. Specific NENA languages keeps reintroduced h given that a borrowing from the bank off Kurdish or Arabic or off Ancient Syriac otherwise Hebrew.(5) Although not, brand new inherited vocabulary continuously reveals x. Instance, inside the Tisqopa you’ll find borrowed Arabic terms, such as for instance sahabi ‘friend’, having h, however, handed down terminology particularly laxma ‘bread’ continuously inform you x. (6)

(3) Every NENA dialects but Hertevin and you can Zakho have lost very times away from passed down. Such, during the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ equal to Syriac arb an excellent and you can afra. From inside the Hertevin and in Zakho, passed down are frequently ?: Hertevin so?a http://www.datingranking.net/cs/tinder-recenze good ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 189). In many other dialects most are managed since the ?, and, throughout the people, is gone completely. Specific languages has actually reintroduced lent from Arabic or Kurdish. Particularly, Halabja enjoys ayza ‘good’.

(4) Within the before languages out of Aramaic, as with Tiberian Hebrew, t turned [Theta] once a vowel. Which alternation has been lexicalized within the NENA, which have often t or [Theta] spreading by way of entire paradigms, whether preceded by the a good vowel or perhaps not. Such, in Aradhin the fresh new verb ‘come’ is now offering [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, plus [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Then, in some languages the fresh phoneme [Theta] provides been through a lot more transform. In some dialects [Theta] features blended to t, and also in anybody else it is s if you don’t l.(7) In one dialect, Jilu, it’s become h right after which already been removed but within beginning of a word. The three easternmost Jewish dialects express the latest stunning shift out-of [Theta] to just one. The results of these change is visible about term ‘house’ and this seems in various languages due to the fact be:[Thetgood]an excellent (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you can besa (Sanandaj Religious).